A First Comparison of Kepler Planet Candidates in Single and Multiple Systems

May 2011 • 2011ApJ...732L..24L

Authors • Latham, David W. • Rowe, Jason F. • Quinn, Samuel N. • Batalha, Natalie M. • Borucki, William J. • Brown, Timothy M. • Bryson, Stephen T. • Buchhave, Lars A. • Caldwell, Douglas A. • Carter, Joshua A. • Christiansen, Jessie L. • Ciardi, David R. • Cochran, William D. • Dunham, Edward W. • Fabrycky, Daniel C. • Ford, Eric B. • Gautier, Thomas N., III • Gilliland, Ronald L. • Holman, Matthew J. • Howell, Steve B. • Ibrahim, Khadeejah A. • Isaacson, Howard • Jenkins, Jon M. • Koch, David G. • Lissauer, Jack J. • Marcy, Geoffrey W. • Quintana, Elisa V. • Ragozzine, Darin • Sasselov, Dimitar • Shporer, Avi • Steffen, Jason H. • Welsh, William F. • Wohler, Bill

Abstract • In this Letter, we present an overview of the rich population of systems with multiple candidate transiting planets found in the first four months of Kepler data. The census of multiples includes 115 targets that show two candidate planets, 45 with three, eight with four, and one each with five and six, for a total of 170 systems with 408 candidates. When compared to the 827 systems with only one candidate, the multiples account for 17% of the total number of systems, and one-third of all the planet candidates. We compare the characteristics of candidates found in multiples with those found in singles. False positives due to eclipsing binaries are much less common for the multiples, as expected. Singles and multiples are both dominated by planets smaller than Neptune; 69⁺² _{- 3}% for singles and 86⁺² _{- 5}% for multiples. This result, that systems with multiple transiting planets are less likely to include a transiting giant planet, suggests that close-in giant planets tend to disrupt the orbital inclinations of small planets in flat systems, or maybe even prevent the formation of such systems in the first place.

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Jessie Christiansen

Associate Scientist

David Ciardi

Senior Scientist