July
2026
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2026MNRAS.549f1958C
Authors
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Carleo, Ilaria
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Nowak, Grzegorz
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Murgas, Felipe
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Pallé, Enric
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Lacedelli, Gaia
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Masseron, Thomas
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Wong, Emily W.
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Castro-González, Amadeo
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Jankowski, Dawid
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Eggenberger, Patrick
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Jenkins, James S.
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Goździewski, Krzysztof
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Bourrier, Vincent
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Alves, Douglas R.
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Vines, José I.
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Stassun, Keivan G.
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Brogi, Matteo
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Messina, Sergio
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Clark, Catherine A.
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Collins, Karen A.
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Deeg, Hans J.
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Furlan, Elise
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Gandolfi, Davide
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González, Samuel Geraldía
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Hellier, Coel
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Hatzes, Artie P.
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Howell, Steve B.
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Korth, Judith
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Knudstrup, Emil
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Lillo-Box, Jorge
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Livingston, John H.
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Orell-Miquel, Jaume
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Persson, Carina
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Redfield, Seth
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Safonov, Boris
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Baker, David
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Cochran, William
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Delgado, Rafael Delfin Barrena
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Bieryla, Allyson
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Boyle, Andrew
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Bosch-Cabot, Pau
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Barris, Núria Casasayas
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Chairetas, Stavros
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Ciardi, David R.
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Fukui, Akihiko
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Guerra, Pere
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Kawauchi, Kiyoe
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Libotte, Florence
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Lund, Michael B.
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Luque, Rafael
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Martín Guerrero de Escalante, Eduardo Lorenzo
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Massey, Bob
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Michaels, Edward J.
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Morello, Giuseppe
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Narita, Norio
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Parvianien, Hannu
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Schwarz, Richard P.
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Shporer, Avi
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Stangret, Monika
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Watkins, Cristilyn N.
Abstract
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As part of the KESPRINT collaboration, we present the discovery and characterization of three exoplanets in the sub-Neptune to super-Neptune regime, spanning key regions of the exo-Neptunian landscape. TOI-1472 c and TOI-1648 b are newly discovered sub-Neptunes, while TOI-1472 b is a previously known super-Neptune for which we provide an improved mass measurement. These planets have orbital periods of 6─15 d and radii of 2.5─4.1 R$_{\oplus }$, probing regions where planet formation and atmospheric evolution remain poorly understood. We combine Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite transit photometry with ground-based radial velocities to determine precise masses, radii, and orbital properties. TOI-1472 b has a mass of $18.0^{+0.84}_{-0.85}$ M$_{\oplus }$ and a radius of $4.06 \pm 0.10$ R$_{\oplus }$, TOI-1472 c has a mass of $21.1^{+0.96}_{-0.99}$ M$_{\oplus }$ and a radius of $3.33 \pm 0.08$ R$_{\oplus }$, and TOI-1648 b has a mass of $7.4^{+1.1}_{-1.3}$ M$_{\oplus }$ and a radius of $2.54^{+0.14}_{-0.12}$ R$_{\oplus }$. The planets exhibit a range of eccentricities (0.041─0.178), indicating diverse evolutionary histories. TOI-1648 b, with a high transmission spectroscopy metric (${\rm TSM} \sim 59$), is a promising target for atmospheric characterization. Together, these three planets provide precise constraints on the structure, composition, and dynamical evolution of small to intermediate-sized exoplanets, enriching our understanding of the exo-Neptunian landscape.
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