Late-time Hubble Space Telescope Ultraviolet Spectra of SN 2023ixf and SN 2024ggi Show Ongoing Interaction with Circumstellar Material
June 2026 • 2026ApJ..1004...23B
Abstract • We present far- and near-ultraviolet (UV) spectra of the type II supernovae (SNe) SN 2023ixf from days 199 to 722 and SN 2024ggi at days 41 and 232. Both SNe show broad, blueshifted, and asymmetric UV emission lines with an initial maximum velocity of ∼9000 km s−1 and narrow unresolved emission in C IVλλ1548.9, 1550.8. We compare the optical and UV emission-line profiles, showing that they evolve from two distinct velocity profiles to a single profile tracing the UV emission. We interpret this as shock power from interaction with circumstellar material coming to dominate over the radioactive-decay power from the inner ejecta. Comparing our observations to radiative transfer models with injected shock power, we find SN 2024ggi is best matched by Pshock,abs = 1 × 1041 erg s−1 at day 40; SN 2023ixf at day 300 and SN 2024ggi at day 200 are best matched by Pshock,abs = 1 × 1040 erg s−1; and SN 2023ixf at day 600 is best matched by Pshock,abs = 5 × 1039 erg s−1. From these models, we find that the mass-loss rate of both SNe increased just before the explosion. For SN 2023ixf, our mass-loss rates go from 4 × 10−5M⊙ yr−1 at 600 yr before explosion to 2 × 10−2M⊙ yr−1 at 15 yr prior to explosion. For SN 2024ggi, we find a mass-loss rate of 9 × 10−5M⊙ yr−1 at 150 yr before explosion and 1 × 10−3M⊙ yr−1 at 30 yr before explosion.
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