February
2026
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2026A&A...706A.278L
Authors
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Lamontagne, Pierrot
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Weisserman, Drew
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Cadieux, Charles
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Lafrenière, David
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L'Heureux, Alexandrine
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Plotnykov, Mykhaylo
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Parc, Léna
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Stefanov, Atanas K.
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Moranta, Leslie
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Doyon, René
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Bouchy, François
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Delisle, Jean-Baptiste
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Nielsen, Louise D.
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Lo Curto, Gaspare
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Baron, Frédérique
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Barros, Susana C. C.
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Benneke, Björn
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Bonfils, Xavier
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Bryan, Marta
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Canto Martins, Bruno L.
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Cloutier, Ryan
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Cowan, Nicolas B.
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Brito de Freitas, Daniel
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De Medeiros, Jose Renan
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Delfosse, Xavier
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Delgado-Mena, Elisa
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Dumusque, Xavier
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Ehrenreich, David
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Figueira, Pedro
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González Hernández, Jonay I.
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de Castro Leão, Izan
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Lovis, Christophe
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Malo, Lison
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Melo, Claudio
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Mignon, Lucile
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Mordasini, Christoph
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Pepe, Francesco
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Rebolo, Rafael
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Rowe, Jason
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Santos, Nuno C.
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Ségransan, Damien
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Suárez Mascareño, Alejandro
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Udry, Stéphane
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Valencia, Diana
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Wade, Gregg
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Abreu, Manuel
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Aguiar, José Luan A.
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Al Moulla, Khaled
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Allain, Guillaume
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Allart, Romain
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Almenara, Jose Manuel
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Arial, Tomy
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Auger, Hugues
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Bazinet, Luc
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Blind, Nicolas
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Bohlender, David
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Artigau, Étienne
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Boisse, Isabelle
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Boucher, Anne
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Bourrier, Vincent
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Bovay, Sébastien
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Branco, Pedro
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Broeg, Christopher
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Brousseau, Denis
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Cabral, Alexandre
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Carmona, Andres
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Carteret, Yann
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Challita, Zalpha
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Charbonneau, David
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Chazelas, Bruno
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Clark, Catherine A.
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Coelho, João
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Cointepas, Marion
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Collins, Karen A.
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Collins, Kevin I.
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Conod, Uriel
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Cristo, Eduardo
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Silva, Ana Rita Costa
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Darveau-Bernier, Antoine
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Dauplaise, Laurie
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de Lima Gomes, Roseane
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Faria, João
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Fontinele, Dasaev O.
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Forveille, Thierry
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Frensch, Yolanda G. C.
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Gagné, Jonathan
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Genest, Frédéric
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Genolet, Ludovic
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Gomes da Silva, João
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Gracia Témich, Félix
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Gromek, Nicole
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Grieves, Nolan
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Hernandez, Olivier
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Hobson, Melissa J.
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Hoeijmakers, H. Jens
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Hubin, Norbert
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Cook, Neil J.
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Jafariyazani, Marziye
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Jahandar, Farbod
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Jayawardhana, Ray
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Käufl, Hans-Ulrich
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Kerley, Dan
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Kolb, Johann
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Krishnamurthy, Vigneshwaran
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Kung, Benjamin
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Larue, Pierre
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Leath, Henry
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Lim, Olivia
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Martins, Allan M.
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Matthews, Elisabeth C.
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Matthews, Jaymie
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Mayer, Jean-Sébastien
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Metchev, Stan
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Messamah, Lina
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Messias, Yuri S.
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Mounzer, Dany
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Nari, Nicola
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Osborn, Ares
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Ouellet, Mathieu
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Otegi, Jon
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Pasquini, Luca
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Passegger, Vera M.
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Pelletier, Stefan
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Peroux, Céline
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Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline
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Pompei, Emanuela
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Poulin-Girard, Anne-Sophie
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Rasilla, José Luis
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Reshetov, Vladimir
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Saint-Antoine, Jonathan
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Sarajlic, Mirsad
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Saviane, Ivo
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Schnell, Robin
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Segovia, Alex
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Seidel, Julia
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Silber, Armin
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Sinclair, Peter
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Sordet, Michael
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Sosnowska, Danuta
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Srivastava, Avidaan
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Teixeira, Márcio A.
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Thibault, Simon
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Vallée, Philippe
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Vandal, Thomas
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Vaulato, Valentina
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Wardenier, Joost P.
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Wehbe, Bachar
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Wevers, Ivan
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Wildi, François
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Yariv, Vincent
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Zins, Gérard
Abstract
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We present an updated characterization of the planetary system orbiting the nearby M2 dwarf GJ 3090 (TOI-177; d=22 pc), based on new high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations from NIRPS and HARPS. With an orbital period of 2.85 d, the transiting sub-Neptune GJ 3090 b has a mass we refine to 4.52 ± 0.47 M⊕, which, combined with our derived radius of 2.18 ± 0.06 R⊕, yields a density of 2.40−0.30+0.33 g∉cm−3. The combined interior structure and atmospheric constraints indicate that GJ 3090 b is a compelling water-world candidate, with a volatile-rich envelope in which water likely represents a significant fraction. We also confirm the presence of a second planet, GJ 3090 c, a sub-Neptune with a 15.9 d orbit and a minimum mass of 10.0 ± 1.3 M⊕, which does not transit. Despite its proximity to the star's 18 d rotation period, our joint analysis using a multidimensional Gaussian process (GP) model that incorporates TESS photometry and differential stellar temperature measurements distinguishes this planetary signal from activity-induced variability. In addition, we place new constraints on a non-transiting planet candidate with a period of 12.7 d, suggested in earlier RV analyses. This candidate remains a compelling target for future monitoring. These results highlight the crucial role of multidimensional GP modelling in disentangling planetary signals from stellar activity, enabling the detection of a planet near the stellar rotation period that could have remained undetected with traditional approaches.
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