Characterization of Extragalactic 24 Micron Sources in the Spitzer First Look Survey

September 2004 • 2004ApJS..154...60Y

Authors • Yan, Lin • Helou, George • Fadda, D. • Marleau, F. R. • Lacy, M. • Wilson, G. • Soifer, B. T. • Drozdovsky, I. • Masci, F. • Armus, L. • Teplitz, H. I. • Frayer, D. T. • Surace, J. • Storrie-Lombardi, L. J. • Appleton, P. N. • Chapman, S. • Choi, P. • Fan, F. • Heinrichsen, I. • Im, M. • Schmitz, M. • Shupe, D. L. • Squires, G. K.

Abstract • In this paper, we present the initial characterization of extragalactic 24 μm sources in the Spitzer First Look Survey by examining their counterparts at the 8 μm and R bands. The color-color diagram of 24/8 μm versus 24/0.7 μm is populated with 18,734 sources brighter than the 3 σ flux limit of 110 μJy. The data cover a total area of 3.7 deg². The 24/0.7 μm colors of these sources span almost 4 orders of magnitudes, while the 24/8 μm colors are distributed over at least 2 orders of magnitude. In addition to identifying ~30% of the total sample with infrared-quiescent, mostly low-redshift galaxies, we also found that (1) 23% of the 24 μm sources (~1200 deg^-2) with log[νf_ν(24μm)/νf_ν(8μm)]>=0.3 and log[νf_ν(24μm)/νf_ν(0.7μm)]>=1.0 are probably infrared luminous starburst galaxies with L_IR>=3×10¹¹L_solar at z>=1. In particular, 13% of the sample (660 deg^-2) are detected only at 24 μm, with no detectable emission in either the 8 μm band or the R band. With such extremely red IR/visible and mid-IR colors, these sources are good candidates for being ultraluminous infrared galaxies at z>=2. (2) 2% of the sample (85 deg^-2) have extremely red mid-infrared-to-optical color (log[νf_ν(24μm)/νf_ν(0.7μm)]>=1.5) and fairly moderate 24/8 μm color (log[νf_ν(24μm)/νf_ν(8μm)]~0.5), and they are likely candidates for being dust-reddened active galactic nuclei, like Mrk 231 at z~0.6-3. (3) We anticipate that some of these sources with extremely red colors may be new types of sources, since they cannot be modeled with any familiar type of spectral energy distribution. We find that close to 38% of the 24 μm sources have optical R fainter than 23.0 Vega magnitudes, and 17% of these have no detectable optical counterparts brighter than the R limit of 25.5 mag. Optical spectroscopy of these extremely faint 24 μm sources is very difficult, and therefore mid-infrared spectroscopy from the Spitzer is critical for understanding their physical nature.