October
2021
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2021MNRAS.507.2782O
Authors
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Osborn, Ares
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Armstrong, David J.
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Cale, Bryson
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Brahm, Rafael
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Wittenmyer, Robert A.
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Dai, Fei
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Crossfield, Ian J. M.
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Bryant, Edward M.
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Adibekyan, Vardan
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Cloutier, Ryan
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Collins, Karen A.
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Delgado Mena, E.
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Fridlund, Malcolm
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Hellier, Coel
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Howell, Steve B.
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King, George W.
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Lillo-Box, Jorge
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Otegi, Jon
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Sousa, S.
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Stassun, Keivan G.
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Matthews, Elisabeth C.
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Ziegler, Carl
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Ricker, George
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Vanderspek, Roland
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Latham, David W.
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Seager, S.
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Winn, Joshua N.
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Jenkins, Jon M.
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Acton, Jack S.
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Addison, Brett C.
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Anderson, David R.
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Ballard, Sarah
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Barrado, David
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Barros, Susana C. C.
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Batalha, Natalie
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Bayliss, Daniel
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Barclay, Thomas
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Benneke, Björn
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Berberian, John
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Bouchy, Francois
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Bowler, Brendan P.
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Briceño, César
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Burke, Christopher J.
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Burleigh, Matthew R.
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Casewell, Sarah L.
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Ciardi, David
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Collins, Kevin I.
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Cooke, Benjamin F.
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Demangeon, Olivier D. S.
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Díaz, Rodrigo F.
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Dorn, C.
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Dragomir, Diana
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Dressing, Courtney
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Dumusque, Xavier
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Espinoza, Néstor
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Figueira, P.
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Fulton, Benjamin
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Furlan, E.
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Gaidos, E.
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Geneser, C.
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Gill, Samuel
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Goad, Michael R.
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Gonzales, Erica J.
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Gorjian, Varoujan
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Günther, Maximilian N.
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Helled, Ravit
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Henderson, Beth A.
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Henning, Thomas
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Hogan, Aleisha
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Hojjatpanah, Saeed
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Horner, Jonathan
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Howard, Andrew W.
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Hoyer, Sergio
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Huber, Dan
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Isaacson, Howard
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Jenkins, James S.
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Jensen, Eric L. N.
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Jordán, Andrés
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Kane, Stephen R.
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Kidwell, Richard C.
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Kielkopf, John
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Law, Nicholas
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Lendl, Monika
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Lund, M.
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Matson, Rachel A.
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Mann, Andrew W.
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McCormac, James
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Mengel, Matthew W.
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Morales, Farisa Y.
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Nielsen, Louise D.
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Okumura, Jack
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Osborn, Hugh P.
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Petigura, Erik A.
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Plavchan, Peter
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Pollacco, Don
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Quintana, Elisa V.
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Raynard, Liam
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Robertson, Paul
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Rose, Mark E.
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Roy, Arpita
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Reefe, Michael
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Santerne, Alexandre
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Santos, Nuno C.
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Sarkis, Paula
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Schlieder, J.
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Schwarz, Richard P.
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Scott, Nicholas J.
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Shporer, Avi
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Smith, A. M. S.
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Stibbard, C.
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Stockdale, Chris
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Strøm, Paul A.
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Twicken, Joseph D.
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Tan, Thiam-Guan
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Tanner, A.
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Teske, J.
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Tilbrook, Rosanna H.
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Tinney, C. G.
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Udry, Stephane
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Villaseñor, Jesus Noel
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Vines, Jose I.
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Wang, Sharon X.
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Weiss, Lauren M.
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West, Richard G.
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Wheatley, Peter J.
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Wright, Duncan J.
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Zhang, Hui
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Zohrabi, F.
Abstract
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We present the bright (Vmag = 9.12), multiplanet system TOI-431, characterized with photometry and radial velocities (RVs). We estimate the stellar rotation period to be 30.5 ± 0.7 d using archival photometry and RVs. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) objects of Interest (TOI)-431 b is a super-Earth with a period of 0.49 d, a radius of 1.28 ± 0.04 R⊕, a mass of 3.07 ± 0.35 M⊕, and a density of 8.0 ± 1.0 g cm-3; TOI-431 d is a sub-Neptune with a period of 12.46 d, a radius of 3.29 ± 0.09 R⊕, a mass of $9.90^{+1.53}_{-1.49}$ M⊕, and a density of 1.36 ± 0.25 g cm-3. We find a third planet, TOI-431 c, in the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher RV data, but it is not seen to transit in the TESS light curves. It has an Msin i of $2.83^{+0.41}_{-0.34}$ M⊕, and a period of 4.85 d. TOI-431 d likely has an extended atmosphere and is one of the most well-suited TESS discoveries for atmospheric characterization, while the super-Earth TOI-431 b may be a stripped core. These planets straddle the radius gap, presenting an interesting case-study for atmospheric evolution, and TOI-431 b is a prime TESS discovery for the study of rocky planet phase curves.
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