June
2013
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2013A&A...554A.139P
Authors
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Planck Collaboration
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Ade, P. A. R.
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Aghanim, N.
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Arnaud, M.
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Ashdown, M.
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Atrio-Barandela, F.
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Aumont, J.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Balbi, A.
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Banday, A. J.
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Barreiro, R. B.
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Bartlett, J. G.
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Battaner, E.
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Benabed, K.
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Benoît, A.
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Bernard, J. -P.
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Bersanelli, M.
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Bonaldi, A.
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Bond, J. R.
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Borrill, J.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Burigana, C.
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Cabella, P.
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Cardoso, J. -F.
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Catalano, A.
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Cayón, L.
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Chary, R. -R.
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Chiang, L. -Y.
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Christensen, P. R.
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Clements, D. L.
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Colombo, L. P. L.
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Coulais, A.
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Crill, B. P.
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Cuttaia, F.
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Danese, L.
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D'Arcangelo, O.
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Davis, R. J.
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de Bernardis, P.
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de Gasperis, G.
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de Rosa, A.
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de Zotti, G.
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Delabrouille, J.
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Dickinson, C.
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Diego, J. M.
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Dobler, G.
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Dole, H.
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Donzelli, S.
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Doré, O.
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Dörl, U.
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Douspis, M.
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Dupac, X.
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Efstathiou, G.
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Enßlin, T. A.
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Eriksen, H. K.
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Finelli, F.
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Forni, O.
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Frailis, M.
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Franceschi, E.
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Galeotta, S.
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Ganga, K.
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Giard, M.
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Giardino, G.
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González-Nuevo, J.
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Górski, K. M.
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Gratton, S.
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Gregorio, A.
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Gruppuso, A.
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Hansen, F. K.
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Harrison, D.
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Helou, G.
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Henrot-Versillé, S.
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Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
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Hildebrandt, S. R.
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Hivon, E.
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Hobson, M.
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Holmes, W. A.
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Hornstrup, A.
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Hovest, W.
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Huffenberger, K. M.
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Jaffe, T. R.
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Jagemann, T.
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Jewell, J.
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Jones, W. C.
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Juvela, M.
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Keihänen, E.
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Knoche, J.
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Knox, L.
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Kunz, M.
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Kurki-Suonio, H.
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Lagache, G.
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Lähteenmäki, A.
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Lamarre, J. -M.
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Lasenby, A.
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Lawrence, C. R.
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Leach, S.
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Leonardi, R.
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Lilje, P. B.
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Linden-Vørnle, M.
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López-Caniego, M.
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Lubin, P. M.
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Macías-Pérez, J. F.
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Maffei, B.
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Maino, D.
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Mandolesi, N.
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Maris, M.
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Marshall, D. J.
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Martin, P. G.
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Martínez-González, E.
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Masi, S.
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Massardi, M.
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Matarrese, S.
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Matthai, F.
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Mazzotta, P.
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Meinhold, P. R.
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Melchiorri, A.
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Mendes, L.
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Mennella, A.
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Mitra, S.
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Moneti, A.
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Montier, L.
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Morgante, G.
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Munshi, D.
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Murphy, J. A.
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Naselsky, P.
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Natoli, P.
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
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Noviello, F.
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Novikov, D.
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Novikov, I.
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Osborne, S.
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Pajot, F.
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Paladini, R.
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Paoletti, D.
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Partridge, B.
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Pearson, T. J.
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Perdereau, O.
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Perrotta, F.
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Piacentini, F.
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Piat, M.
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Pierpaoli, E.
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Pietrobon, D.
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Plaszczynski, S.
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Pointecouteau, E.
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Polenta, G.
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Ponthieu, N.
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Popa, L.
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Poutanen, T.
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Pratt, G. W.
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Prunet, S.
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Puget, J. -L.
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Rachen, J. P.
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Rebolo, R.
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Reinecke, M.
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Renault, C.
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Ricciardi, S.
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Riller, T.
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Ristorcelli, I.
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Rocha, G.
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Rosset, C.
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Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
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Rusholme, B.
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Sandri, M.
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Savini, G.
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Schaefer, B. M.
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Scott, D.
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Smoot, G. F.
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Spencer, L.
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Stivoli, F.
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Sudiwala, R.
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Suur-Uski, A. -S.
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Sygnet, J. -F.
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Tauber, J. A.
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Terenzi, L.
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Toffolatti, L.
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Tomasi, M.
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Tristram, M.
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Türler, M.
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Umana, G.
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Valenziano, L.
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Van Tent, B.
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Vielva, P.
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Villa, F.
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Vittorio, N.
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Wade, L. A.
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Wandelt, B. D.
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White, M.
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Yvon, D.
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Zacchei, A.
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Zonca, A.
Abstract
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Using precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterise the emission from the Galactic "haze" at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to | b | ~ 35-50° in Galactic latitude and | l | ~ 15-20° in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we were able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the strong systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of -2.56 ± 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE ∝ E-2.1. At Galactic latitudes | b | < 30°, the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray "haze" or "bubbles", while at b ~ -50° we have identified an edge in the microwave haze that is spatially coincident with the edge in the gamma-ray bubbles. Taken together, this indicates that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new astrophysical mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the inner Galaxy is implied.
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