Probable dormant neutron star in a short-period binary system

December 2022 • 2022MNRAS.517.4005M

Authors • Mazeh, Tsevi • Faigler, Simchon • Bashi, Dolev • Shahaf, Sahar • Davidson, Niv • Green, Matthew • Gomel, Roy • Maoz, Dan • Sussholz, Amitay • Dong, Subo • Zhang, Haotong • Liu, Jifeng • Wang, Song • Luo, Ali • Zheng, Zheng • Hallakoun, Na'ama • Perdelwitz, Volker • Latham, David W. • Ribas, Ignasi • Baroch, David • Morales, Juan Carlos • Nagel, Evangelos • Santos, Nuno C. • Ciardi, David R. • Christiansen, Jessie L. • Lund, Michael B. • Winn, Joshua N.

Abstract • We have identified 2XMM J125556.57+565846.4, at a distance of 600 pc, as a binary system consisting of a normal star and a probable dormant neutron star. Optical spectra exhibit a slightly evolved F-type single star, displaying periodic Doppler shifts with a 2.76-d Keplerian circular orbit, with no indication of light from a secondary component. Optical and UV photometry reveal ellipsoidal modulation with half the orbital period, due to the tidal deformation of the F-star. The mass of the unseen companion is constrained to the range of 1.1-$2.1\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ at 3σ confidence, with the median of the mass distribution at $1.4\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, the typical mass of known neutron stars. A main-sequence star cannot masquerade as the dark companion. The distribution of possible companion masses still allows for the possibility of a very massive white dwarf. The companion itself could also be a close pair consisting of a white dwarf and an M star, or two white dwarfs, although the binary evolution that would lead to such a close triple system is unlikely. Similar ambiguities regarding the certain identification of a dormant neutron star are bound to affect most future discoveries of this type of non-interacting system. If the system indeed contains a dormant neutron star, it will become, in the future, a bright X-ray source and afterwards might even host a millisecond pulsar.

Links

• SIMBAD http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbo.pl?bibcode=2022MNRAS.517.4005M
• PDF https://academic.oup.com/mnras/pdf-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stac2853
• PREPRINT http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.11270
• DATA http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/W3Browse/biblink.pl?code=2022MNRAS.517.4005M
• DATA https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/bibdata/2022/M/2022MNRAS.517.4005M.html
• DATA https://nxsa.esac.esa.int/nxsa-web/#bibcode=2022MNRAS.517.4005M
• ELECTR https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstac2853