Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Coma Cluster Progenitor at z ∼ 2.2

March 2020 • 2020ApJ...892....8D

Authors • Darvish, Behnam • Scoville, Nick Z. • Martin, Christopher • Sobral, David • Mobasher, Bahram • Rettura, Alessandro • Matthee, Jorryt • Capak, Peter • Chartab, Nima • Hemmati, Shoubaneh • Masters, Daniel • Nayyeri, Hooshang • O'Sullivan, Donal • Paulino-Afonso, Ana • Sattari, Zahra • Shahidi, Abtin • Salvato, Mara • Lemaux, Brian C. • Fèvre, Olivier Le • Cucciati, Olga

Abstract • We report the spectroscopic confirmation of a new protocluster in the COSMOS field at z ∼ 2.2, COSMOS Cluster 2.2 (CC2.2), originally identified as an overdensity of narrowband selected Hα emitting candidates. With only two masks of Keck/MOSFIRE near-IR spectroscopy in both H (∼1.47-1.81 μm) and K (∼1.92-2.40 μm) bands (∼1.5 hr each), we confirm 35 unique protocluster members with at least two emission lines detected with S/N > 3. Combined with 12 extra members from the zCOSMOS-deep spectroscopic survey (47 in total), we estimate a mean redshift and a line-of-sight velocity dispersion of z_mean = 2.23224 ± 0.00101 and σ_los = 645 ± 69 km s^-1 for this protocluster, respectively. Assuming virialization and spherical symmetry for the system, we estimate a total mass of M_vir ∼ (1-2) ×10¹⁴M_⊙ for the structure. We evaluate a number density enhancement of δ_g ∼ 7 for this system and we argue that the structure is likely not fully virialized at z ∼ 2.2. However, in a spherical collapse model, δ_g is expected to grow to a linear matter enhancement of ∼1.9 by z = 0, exceeding the collapse threshold of 1.69, and leading to a fully collapsed and virialized Coma-type structure with a total mass of M_dyn(z = 0) ∼ 9.2 × 10¹⁴M_⊙ by now. This observationally efficient confirmation suggests that large narrowband emission-line galaxy surveys, when combined with ancillary photometric data, can be used to effectively trace the large-scale structure and protoclusters at a time when they are mostly dominated by star-forming galaxies.

Links

• SIMBAD http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbo.pl?bibcode=2020ApJ...892....8D
• PDF https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab75c3/pdf
• PREPRINT http://arxiv.org/abs/2002.06207
• DATA http://archive.eso.org/bin/ads2eso?2020ApJ...892....8D
• DATA https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/bibdata/2020/D/2020ApJ...892....8D.html
• ELECTR https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab75c3