December
2016
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2016A&A...596A.102P
Authors
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Planck Collaboration
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Ade, P. A. R.
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Aghanim, N.
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Ashdown, M.
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Aumont, J.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Banday, A. J.
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Barreiro, R. B.
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Bartolo, N.
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Basak, S.
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Battaner, E.
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Benabed, K.
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Benoit-Lévy, A.
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Bernard, J. -P.
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Bersanelli, M.
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Bielewicz, P.
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Bock, J. J.
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Bonaldi, A.
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Bonavera, L.
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Bond, J. R.
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Borrill, J.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Boulanger, F.
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Burigana, C.
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Butler, R. C.
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Calabrese, E.
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Cardoso, J. -F.
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Catalano, A.
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Chiang, H. C.
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Christensen, P. R.
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Clements, D. L.
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Colombi, S.
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Colombo, L. P. L.
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Combet, C.
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Crill, B. P.
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Curto, A.
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Cuttaia, F.
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Danese, L.
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Davis, R. J.
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de Bernardis, P.
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de Zotti, G.
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Delabrouille, J.
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Dickinson, C.
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Diego, J. M.
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Doré, O.
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Ducout, A.
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Dupac, X.
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Elsner, F.
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Enßlin, T. A.
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Eriksen, H. K.
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Finelli, F.
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Forni, O.
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Frailis, M.
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Fraisse, A. A.
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Franceschi, E.
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Galeotta, S.
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Galli, S.
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Ganga, K.
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Ghosh, T.
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Giard, M.
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Giraud-Héraud, Y.
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Gjerløw, E.
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González-Nuevo, J.
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Górski, K. M.
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Gruppuso, A.
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Gudmundsson, J. E.
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Harrison, D. L.
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Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
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Herranz, D.
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Hildebrandt, S. R.
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Hornstrup, A.
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Hovest, W.
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Hurier, G.
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Jaffe, A. H.
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Jones, W. C.
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Keihänen, E.
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Keskitalo, R.
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Kisner, T. S.
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Knoche, J.
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Knox, L.
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Kunz, M.
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Kurki-Suonio, H.
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Lagache, G.
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Lähteenmäki, A.
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Lamarre, J. -M.
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Lasenby, A.
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Lattanzi, M.
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Leonardi, R.
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Levrier, F.
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Lilje, P. B.
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Linden-Vørnle, M.
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López-Caniego, M.
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Lubin, P. M.
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Macías-Pérez, J. F.
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Maffei, B.
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Maggio, G.
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Maino, D.
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Mandolesi, N.
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Mangilli, A.
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Maris, M.
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Martin, P. G.
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Martínez-González, E.
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Masi, S.
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Matarrese, S.
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Meinhold, P. R.
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Melchiorri, A.
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Mennella, A.
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Migliaccio, M.
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Mitra, S.
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Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.
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Moneti, A.
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Montier, L.
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Morgante, G.
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Mortlock, D.
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Moss, A.
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Munshi, D.
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Murphy, J. A.
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Naselsky, P.
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Nati, F.
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Natoli, P.
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Netterfield, C. B.
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
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Novikov, D.
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Novikov, I.
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Pagano, L.
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Pajot, F.
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Paoletti, D.
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Pasian, F.
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Patanchon, G.
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Perdereau, O.
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Perotto, L.
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Pettorino, V.
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Piacentini, F.
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Piat, M.
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Pierpaoli, E.
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Pointecouteau, E.
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Polenta, G.
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Pratt, G. W.
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Rachen, J. P.
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Reinecke, M.
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Remazeilles, M.
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Renault, C.
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Renzi, A.
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Ristorcelli, I.
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Rocha, G.
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Rosset, C.
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Rossetti, M.
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Roudier, G.
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Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
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Rusholme, B.
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Sandri, M.
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Santos, D.
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Savelainen, M.
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Savini, G.
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Scott, D.
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Spencer, L. D.
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Stolyarov, V.
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Stompor, R.
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Sudiwala, R.
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Sunyaev, R.
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Sutton, D.
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Suur-Uski, A. -S.
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Sygnet, J. -F.
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Tauber, J. A.
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Terenzi, L.
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Toffolatti, L.
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Tomasi, M.
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Tristram, M.
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Tucci, M.
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Tuovinen, J.
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Valenziano, L.
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Valiviita, J.
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Van Tent, B.
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Vielva, P.
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Villa, F.
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Wade, L. A.
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Wandelt, B. D.
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Wehus, I. K.
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Yvon, D.
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Zacchei, A.
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Zonca, A.
Abstract
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The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) B-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization E-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced B-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB B-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization E-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced B-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) B-mode map can be used to measure the lensing B-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to 2000. In particular, when cross-correlating with the B-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced B-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of 12σ, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit Λ cold dark matter model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary B-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small (10 ≲ ℓ ≲ 1000) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial B-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB B-modes.
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