February
2016
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2016A&A...586A.140P
Authors
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Planck Collaboration
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Ade, P. A. R.
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Aghanim, N.
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Arnaud, M.
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Ashdown, M.
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Aubourg, E.
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Aumont, J.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Banday, A. J.
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Barreiro, R. B.
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Bartolo, N.
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Battaner, E.
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Benabed, K.
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Benoit-Lévy, A.
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Bersanelli, M.
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Bielewicz, P.
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Bock, J. J.
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Bonaldi, A.
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Bonavera, L.
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Bond, J. R.
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Borrill, J.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Burigana, C.
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Calabrese, E.
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Cardoso, J. -F.
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Catalano, A.
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Chamballu, A.
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Chiang, H. C.
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Christensen, P. R.
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Clements, D. L.
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Colombo, L. P. L.
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Combet, C.
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Crill, B. P.
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Curto, A.
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Cuttaia, F.
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Danese, L.
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Davies, R. D.
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Davis, R. J.
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de Bernardis, P.
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de Zotti, G.
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Delabrouille, J.
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Dickinson, C.
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Diego, J. M.
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Dolag, K.
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Donzelli, S.
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Doré, O.
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Douspis, M.
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Ducout, A.
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Dupac, X.
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Efstathiou, G.
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Elsner, F.
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Enßlin, T. A.
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Eriksen, H. K.
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Finelli, F.
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Forni, O.
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Frailis, M.
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Fraisse, A. A.
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Franceschi, E.
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Frejsel, A.
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Galeotta, S.
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Galli, S.
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Ganga, K.
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Génova-Santos, R. T.
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Giard, M.
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Gjerløw, E.
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González-Nuevo, J.
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Górski, K. M.
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Gregorio, A.
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Gruppuso, A.
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Hansen, F. K.
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Harrison, D. L.
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Henrot-Versillé, S.
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Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
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Herranz, D.
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Hildebrandt, S. R.
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Hivon, E.
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Hobson, M.
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Hornstrup, A.
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Huffenberger, K. M.
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Hurier, G.
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Jaffe, A. H.
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Jaffe, T. R.
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Jones, W. C.
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Juvela, M.
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Keihänen, E.
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Keskitalo, R.
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Kitaura, F.
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Kneissl, R.
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Knoche, J.
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Kunz, M.
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Kurki-Suonio, H.
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Lagache, G.
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Lamarre, J. -M.
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Lasenby, A.
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Lattanzi, M.
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Lawrence, C. R.
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Leonardi, R.
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León-Tavares, J.
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Levrier, F.
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Liguori, M.
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Lilje, P. B.
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Linden-Vørnle, M.
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López-Caniego, M.
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Lubin, P. M.
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Ma, Y. -Z.
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Macías-Pérez, J. F.
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Maffei, B.
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Maino, D.
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Mak, D. S. Y.
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Mandolesi, N.
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Mangilli, A.
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Maris, M.
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Martin, P. G.
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Martínez-González, E.
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Masi, S.
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Matarrese, S.
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McGehee, P.
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Melchiorri, A.
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Mennella, A.
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Migliaccio, M.
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Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.
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Moneti, A.
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Montier, L.
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Morgante, G.
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Mortlock, D.
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Munshi, D.
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Murphy, J. A.
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Naselsky, P.
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Nati, F.
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Natoli, P.
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Noviello, F.
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Novikov, D.
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Novikov, I.
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Oxborrow, C. A.
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Pagano, L.
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Pajot, F.
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Paoletti, D.
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Perdereau, O.
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Perotto, L.
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Pettorino, V.
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Piacentini, F.
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Piat, M.
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Pierpaoli, E.
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Pointecouteau, E.
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Polenta, G.
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Ponthieu, N.
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Pratt, G. W.
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Puget, J. -L.
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Puisieux, S.
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Rachen, J. P.
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Racine, B.
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Reach, W. T.
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Reinecke, M.
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Remazeilles, M.
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Renault, C.
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Renzi, A.
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Ristorcelli, I.
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Rocha, G.
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Rosset, C.
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Rossetti, M.
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Roudier, G.
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Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
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Rusholme, B.
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Sandri, M.
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Santos, D.
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Savelainen, M.
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Savini, G.
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Scott, D.
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Spencer, L. D.
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Stolyarov, V.
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Sudiwala, R.
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Sunyaev, R.
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Sutton, D.
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Suur-Uski, A. -S.
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Sygnet, J. -F.
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Tauber, J. A.
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Terenzi, L.
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Toffolatti, L.
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Tomasi, M.
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Tucci, M.
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Valenziano, L.
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Valiviita, J.
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Van Tent, B.
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Vielva, P.
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Villa, F.
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Wade, L. A.
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Wandelt, B. D.
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Wang, W.
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Wehus, I. K.
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Yvon, D.
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Zacchei, A.
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Zonca, A.
Abstract
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By looking at the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) in Planck nominal mission data, we present a significant detection of baryons participating in large-scale bulk flows around central galaxies (CGs) at redshift z ≈ 0.1. We estimate the pairwise momentum of the kSZ temperature fluctuations at the positions of the Central Galaxy Catalogue (CGC) samples extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7) data. For the foreground-cleaned SEVEM, SMICA, NILC, and COMMANDER maps, we find 1.8-2.5σ detections of the kSZ signal, which are consistent with the kSZ evidence found in individualPlanck raw frequency maps, although lower than found in the WMAP-9yr W-band (3.3σ). We further reconstruct the peculiar velocity field from the CG density field, and compute for the first time the cross-correlation function between kSZ temperature fluctuations and estimates of CG radial peculiar velocities. This correlation function yields a 3.0-3.7σ detection of the peculiar motion of extended gas on Mpc scales in flows correlated up to distances of 80-100 h-1 Mpc. Both the pairwise momentum estimates and the kSZ temperature-velocity field correlation find evidence for kSZ signatures out to apertures of 8 arcmin and beyond, corresponding to a physical radius of >1 Mpc, more than twice the mean virial radius of halos. This is consistent with the predictions from hydrodynamical simulations that most of the baryons are outside the virialized halos. We fit a simple model, in which the temperature-velocity cross-correlation is proportional to the signal seen in a semi-analytic model built upon N-body simulations, and interpret the proportionality constant as an effective optical depth to Thomson scattering. We find τT = (1.4 ± 0.5) × 10-4; the simplest interpretation of this measurement is that much of the gas is in a diffuse phase, which contributes little signal to X-ray or thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich observations.
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