November
2014
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2014A&A...571A..24P
Authors
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Planck Collaboration
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Ade, P. A. R.
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Aghanim, N.
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Armitage-Caplan, C.
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Arnaud, M.
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Ashdown, M.
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Atrio-Barandela, F.
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Aumont, J.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Banday, A. J.
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Barreiro, R. B.
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Bartlett, J. G.
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Bartolo, N.
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Battaner, E.
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Benabed, K.
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Benoît, A.
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Benoit-Lévy, A.
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Bernard, J. -P.
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Bersanelli, M.
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Bielewicz, P.
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Bobin, J.
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Bock, J. J.
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Bonaldi, A.
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Bonavera, L.
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Bond, J. R.
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Borrill, J.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Bridges, M.
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Bucher, M.
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Burigana, C.
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Butler, R. C.
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Cardoso, J. -F.
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Catalano, A.
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Challinor, A.
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Chamballu, A.
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Chiang, H. C.
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Chiang, L. -Y.
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Christensen, P. R.
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Church, S.
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Clements, D. L.
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Colombi, S.
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Colombo, L. P. L.
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Couchot, F.
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Coulais, A.
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Crill, B. P.
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Curto, A.
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Cuttaia, F.
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Danese, L.
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Davies, R. D.
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Davis, R. J.
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de Bernardis, P.
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de Rosa, A.
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de Zotti, G.
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Delabrouille, J.
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Delouis, J. -M.
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Désert, F. -X.
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Diego, J. M.
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Dole, H.
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Donzelli, S.
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Doré, O.
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Douspis, M.
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Ducout, A.
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Dunkley, J.
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Dupac, X.
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Efstathiou, G.
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Elsner, F.
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Enßlin, T. A.
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Eriksen, H. K.
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Fergusson, J.
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Finelli, F.
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Forni, O.
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Frailis, M.
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Franceschi, E.
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Galeotta, S.
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Ganga, K.
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Giard, M.
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Giraud-Héraud, Y.
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González-Nuevo, J.
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Górski, K. M.
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Gratton, S.
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Gregorio, A.
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Gruppuso, A.
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Hansen, F. K.
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Hanson, D.
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Harrison, D.
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Heavens, A.
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Henrot-Versillé, S.
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Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
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Herranz, D.
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Hildebrandt, S. R.
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Hivon, E.
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Hobson, M.
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Holmes, W. A.
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Hornstrup, A.
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Hovest, W.
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Huffenberger, K. M.
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Jaffe, A. H.
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Jaffe, T. R.
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Jones, W. C.
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Juvela, M.
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Keihänen, E.
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Keskitalo, R.
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Kisner, T. S.
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Knoche, J.
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Knox, L.
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Kunz, M.
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Kurki-Suonio, H.
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Lacasa, F.
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Lagache, G.
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Lähteenmäki, A.
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Lamarre, J. -M.
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Lasenby, A.
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Laureijs, R. J.
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Lawrence, C. R.
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Leahy, J. P.
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Leonardi, R.
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Lesgourgues, J.
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Lewis, A.
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Liguori, M.
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Lilje, P. B.
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Linden-Vørnle, M.
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López-Caniego, M.
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Lubin, P. M.
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Macías-Pérez, J. F.
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Maffei, B.
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Maino, D.
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Mandolesi, N.
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Mangilli, A.
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Marinucci, D.
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Maris, M.
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Marshall, D. J.
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Martin, P. G.
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Martínez-González, E.
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Masi, S.
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Massardi, M.
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Matarrese, S.
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Matthai, F.
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Mazzotta, P.
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Meinhold, P. R.
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Melchiorri, A.
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Mendes, L.
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Mennella, A.
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Migliaccio, M.
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Mitra, S.
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Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.
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Moneti, A.
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Montier, L.
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Morgante, G.
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Mortlock, D.
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Moss, A.
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Munshi, D.
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Murphy, J. A.
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Naselsky, P.
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Natoli, P.
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Netterfield, C. B.
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
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Noviello, F.
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Novikov, D.
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Novikov, I.
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Osborne, S.
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Oxborrow, C. A.
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Paci, F.
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Pagano, L.
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Pajot, F.
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Paoletti, D.
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Pasian, F.
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Patanchon, G.
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Peiris, H. V.
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Perdereau, O.
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Perotto, L.
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Perrotta, F.
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Piacentini, F.
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Piat, M.
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Pierpaoli, E.
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Pietrobon, D.
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Plaszczynski, S.
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Pointecouteau, E.
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Polenta, G.
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Ponthieu, N.
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Popa, L.
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Poutanen, T.
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Pratt, G. W.
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Prézeau, G.
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Prunet, S.
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Puget, J. -L.
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Rachen, J. P.
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Racine, B.
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Rebolo, R.
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Reinecke, M.
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Remazeilles, M.
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Renault, C.
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Renzi, A.
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Ricciardi, S.
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Riller, T.
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Ristorcelli, I.
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Rocha, G.
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Rosset, C.
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Roudier, G.
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Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
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Rusholme, B.
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Sandri, M.
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Santos, D.
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Savini, G.
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Scott, D.
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Seiffert, M. D.
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Shellard, E. P. S.
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Smith, K.
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Spencer, L. D.
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Starck, J. -L.
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Stolyarov, V.
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Stompor, R.
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Sudiwala, R.
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Sunyaev, R.
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Sureau, F.
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Sutter, P.
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Sutton, D.
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Suur-Uski, A. -S.
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Sygnet, J. -F.
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Tauber, J. A.
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Tavagnacco, D.
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Terenzi, L.
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Toffolatti, L.
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Tomasi, M.
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Tristram, M.
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Tucci, M.
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Tuovinen, J.
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Valenziano, L.
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Valiviita, J.
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Van Tent, B.
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Varis, J.
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Vielva, P.
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Villa, F.
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Vittorio, N.
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Wade, L. A.
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Wandelt, B. D.
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White, M.
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White, S. D. M.
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Yvon, D.
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Zacchei, A.
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Zonca, A.
Abstract
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The Planck nominal mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps yield unprecedented constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three optimal bispectrum estimators, separable template-fitting (KSW), binned, and modal, we obtain consistent values for the primordial local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes, quoting as our final result fNLlocal = 2.7 ± 5.8, fNLequil = -42 ± 75, and fNLorth = -25 ± 39 (68% CL statistical). Non-Gaussianity is detected in the data; using skew-Cℓ statistics we find a nonzero bispectrum from residual point sources, and the integrated-Sachs-Wolfe-lensing bispectrum at a level expected in the ΛCDM scenario. The results are based on comprehensive cross-validation of these estimators on Gaussian and non-Gaussian simulations, are stable across component separation techniques, pass an extensive suite of tests, and are confirmed by skew-Cℓ, wavelet bispectrum and Minkowski functional estimators. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we present model-independent, three-dimensional reconstructions of the Planck CMB bispectrum and thus derive constraints on early-Universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, excited initial states (non-Bunch-Davies vacua), and directionally-dependent vector models. We provide an initial survey of scale-dependent feature and resonance models. These results bound both general single-field and multi-field model parameter ranges, such as the speed of sound, cs ≥ 0.02 (95% CL), in an effective field theory parametrization, and the curvaton decay fraction rD ≥ 0.15 (95% CL). The Planck data significantly limit the viable parameter space of the ekpyrotic/cyclic scenarios. The amplitude of the four-point function in the local model τNL< 2800 (95% CL). Taken together, these constraints represent the highest precision tests to date of physical mechanisms for the origin of cosmic structure.
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