November
2014
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2014A&A...571A..17P
Authors
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Planck Collaboration
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Ade, P. A. R.
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Aghanim, N.
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Armitage-Caplan, C.
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Arnaud, M.
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Ashdown, M.
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Atrio-Barandela, F.
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Aumont, J.
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Baccigalupi, C.
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Banday, A. J.
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Barreiro, R. B.
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Bartlett, J. G.
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Basak, S.
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Battaner, E.
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Benabed, K.
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Benoît, A.
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Benoit-Lévy, A.
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Bernard, J. -P.
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Bersanelli, M.
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Bielewicz, P.
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Bobin, J.
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Bock, J. J.
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Bonaldi, A.
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Bonavera, L.
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Bond, J. R.
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Borrill, J.
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Bouchet, F. R.
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Bridges, M.
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Bucher, M.
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Burigana, C.
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Butler, R. C.
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Cardoso, J. -F.
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Catalano, A.
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Challinor, A.
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Chamballu, A.
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Chiang, H. C.
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Chiang, L. -Y.
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Christensen, P. R.
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Church, S.
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Clements, D. L.
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Colombi, S.
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Colombo, L. P. L.
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Couchot, F.
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Coulais, A.
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Crill, B. P.
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Curto, A.
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Cuttaia, F.
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Danese, L.
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Davies, R. D.
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Davis, R. J.
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de Bernardis, P.
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de Rosa, A.
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de Zotti, G.
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Déchelette, T.
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Delabrouille, J.
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Delouis, J. -M.
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Désert, F. -X.
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Dickinson, C.
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Diego, J. M.
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Dole, H.
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Donzelli, S.
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Doré, O.
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Douspis, M.
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Dunkley, J.
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Dupac, X.
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Efstathiou, G.
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Enßlin, T. A.
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Eriksen, H. K.
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Finelli, F.
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Forni, O.
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Frailis, M.
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Franceschi, E.
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Galeotta, S.
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Ganga, K.
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Giard, M.
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Giardino, G.
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Giraud-Héraud, Y.
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González-Nuevo, J.
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Górski, K. M.
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Gratton, S.
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Gregorio, A.
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Gruppuso, A.
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Gudmundsson, J. E.
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Hansen, F. K.
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Hanson, D.
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Harrison, D.
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Henrot-Versillé, S.
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Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
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Herranz, D.
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Hildebrandt, S. R.
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Hivon, E.
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Ho, S.
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Hobson, M.
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Holmes, W. A.
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Hornstrup, A.
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Hovest, W.
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Huffenberger, K. M.
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Jaffe, A. H.
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Jaffe, T. R.
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Jones, W. C.
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Juvela, M.
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Keihänen, E.
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Keskitalo, R.
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Kisner, T. S.
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Kneissl, R.
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Knoche, J.
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Knox, L.
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Kunz, M.
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Kurki-Suonio, H.
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Lagache, G.
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Lähteenmäki, A.
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Lamarre, J. -M.
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Lasenby, A.
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Laureijs, R. J.
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Lavabre, A.
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Lawrence, C. R.
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Leahy, J. P.
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Leonardi, R.
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León-Tavares, J.
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Lesgourgues, J.
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Lewis, A.
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Liguori, M.
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Lilje, P. B.
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Linden-Vørnle, M.
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López-Caniego, M.
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Lubin, P. M.
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Macías-Pérez, J. F.
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Maffei, B.
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Maino, D.
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Mandolesi, N.
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Mangilli, A.
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Maris, M.
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Marshall, D. J.
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Martin, P. G.
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Martínez-González, E.
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Masi, S.
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Massardi, M.
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Matarrese, S.
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Matthai, F.
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Mazzotta, P.
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Melchiorri, A.
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Mendes, L.
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Mennella, A.
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Migliaccio, M.
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Mitra, S.
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Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.
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Moneti, A.
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Montier, L.
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Morgante, G.
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Mortlock, D.
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Moss, A.
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Munshi, D.
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Murphy, J. A.
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Naselsky, P.
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Nati, F.
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Natoli, P.
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Netterfield, C. B.
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Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
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Noviello, F.
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Novikov, D.
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Novikov, I.
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Osborne, S.
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Oxborrow, C. A.
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Paci, F.
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Pagano, L.
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Pajot, F.
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Paoletti, D.
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Partridge, B.
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Pasian, F.
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Patanchon, G.
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Perdereau, O.
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Perotto, L.
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Perrotta, F.
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Piacentini, F.
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Piat, M.
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Pierpaoli, E.
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Pietrobon, D.
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Plaszczynski, S.
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Pointecouteau, E.
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Polenta, G.
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Ponthieu, N.
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Popa, L.
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Poutanen, T.
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Pratt, G. W.
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Prézeau, G.
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Prunet, S.
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Puget, J. -L.
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Pullen, A. R.
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Rachen, J. P.
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Rebolo, R.
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Reinecke, M.
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Remazeilles, M.
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Renault, C.
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Ricciardi, S.
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Riller, T.
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Ristorcelli, I.
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Rocha, G.
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Rosset, C.
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Roudier, G.
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Rowan-Robinson, M.
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Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
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Rusholme, B.
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Sandri, M.
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Santos, D.
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Savini, G.
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Scott, D.
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Seiffert, M. D.
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Shellard, E. P. S.
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Smith, K.
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Spencer, L. D.
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Starck, J. -L.
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Stolyarov, V.
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Stompor, R.
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Sudiwala, R.
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Sunyaev, R.
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Sureau, F.
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Sutton, D.
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Suur-Uski, A. -S.
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Sygnet, J. -F.
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Tauber, J. A.
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Tavagnacco, D.
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Terenzi, L.
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Toffolatti, L.
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Tomasi, M.
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Tristram, M.
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Tucci, M.
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Tuovinen, J.
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Umana, G.
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Valenziano, L.
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Valiviita, J.
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Van Tent, B.
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Vielva, P.
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Villa, F.
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Vittorio, N.
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Wade, L. A.
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Wandelt, B. D.
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White, M.
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White, S. D. M.
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Yvon, D.
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Zacchei, A.
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Zonca, A.
Abstract
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On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25σ. We use thetemperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a (noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting ΛCDM model for the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z = 1100 correctly predicts the properties of the lower-redshift, later-time structures which source the lensing potential. When combined with the temperature power spectrum, our measurement provides degeneracy-breaking power for parameter constraints; it improves CMB-alone constraints on curvature by a factor of two and also partly breaks the degeneracy between the amplitude of the primordial perturbation power spectrum and the optical depth to reionization, allowing a measurement of the optical depth to reionization which is independent of large-scale polarization data. Discarding scale information, our measurement corresponds to a 4% constraint on the amplitude of the lensing potential power spectrum, or a 2% constraint on the root-mean-squared amplitude of matter fluctuations at z ~ 2.
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