Long-rising Type II Supernovae in the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe

December 2023 • 2023ApJ...959..142S

Authors • Sit, Tawny • Kasliwal, Mansi M. • Tzanidakis, Anastasios • De, Kishalay • Fremling, Christoffer • Sollerman, Jesper • Gal-Yam, Avishay • Miller, Adam A. • Adams, Scott • Aloisi, Robert • Andreoni, Igor • Chu, Matthew • Cook, David • Das, Kaustav Kashyap • Dugas, Alison • Groom, Steven L. • Ho, Anna Y. Q. • Karambelkar, Viraj • Neill, James D. • Masci, Frank J. • Medford, Michael S. • Purdum, Josiah • Sharma, Yashvi • Smith, Roger • Stein, Robert • Yan, Lin • Yao, Yuhan • Zhang, Chaoran

Abstract • SN 1987A was an unusual hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernova originating from a blue supergiant star. Similar blue supergiant explosions remain a small family of events, and are broadly characterized by their long rises to peak. The Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe (CLU) experiment aims to construct a spectroscopically complete sample of transients occurring in galaxies from the CLU galaxy catalog. We identify 13 long-rising (>40 days) Type II supernovae from the volume-limited CLU experiment during a 3.5 yr period from 2018 June to 2021 December, approximately doubling the previously known number of these events. We present photometric and spectroscopic data of these 13 events, finding peak r-band absolute magnitudes ranging from -15.6 to -17.5 mag and the tentative detection of Ba II lines in nine events. Using our CLU sample of events, we derive a long-rising Type II supernova rate of ${1.37}_{-0.30}^{+0.26}\times {10}^{-6}$ Mpc^-3 yr^-1, ≈1.4% of the total core-collapse supernova rate. This is the first volumetric rate of these events estimated from a large, systematic, volume-limited experiment.

Links

• SIMBAD http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbo.pl?bibcode=2023ApJ...959..142S
• PDF https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad036f/pdf
• PREPRINT http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.01109
• DATA http://archive.eso.org/bin/ads2eso?2023ApJ...959..142S
• ELECTR https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fad036f