Kepler-424 b: A "Lonely" Hot Jupiter that Found a Companion

November 2014 • 2014ApJ...795..151E

Authors • Endl, Michael • Caldwell, Douglas A. • Barclay, Thomas • Huber, Daniel • Isaacson, Howard • Buchhave, Lars A. • Brugamyer, Erik • Robertson, Paul • Cochran, William D. • MacQueen, Phillip J. • Havel, Mathieu • Lucas, Phillip • Howell, Steve B. • Fischer, Debra • Quintana, Elisa • Ciardi, David R.

Abstract • Hot Jupiter systems provide unique observational constraints for migration models in multiple systems and binaries. We report on the discovery of the Kepler-424 (KOI-214) two-planet system, which consists of a transiting hot Jupiter (Kepler-424b) in a 3.31 day orbit accompanied by a more massive outer companion in an eccentric (e = 0.3) 223 day orbit. The outer giant planet, Kepler-424c, is not detected transiting the host star. The masses of both planets and the orbital parameters for the second planet were determined using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and its High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS). In stark contrast to smaller planets, hot Jupiters are predominantly found to be lacking any nearby additional planets; they appear to be "lonely". This might be a consequence of these systems having a highly dynamical past. The Kepler-424 planetary system has a hot Jupiter in a multiple system, similar to \upsilon Andromedae. We also present our results for Kepler-422 (KOI-22), Kepler-77 (KOI-127), Kepler-43 (KOI-135), and Kepler-423 (KOI-183). These results are based on spectroscopic data collected with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), the Keck 1 telescope, and HET. For all systems, we rule out false positives based on various follow-up observations, confirming the planetary nature of these companions. We performed a comparison with planetary evolutionary models which indicate that these five hot Jupiters have heavy element contents between 20 and 120 M _⊕.

Based on observations obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Stanford University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.

Links

• SIMBAD http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbo.pl?bibcode=2014ApJ...795..151E
• PDF https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/151/pdf
• PDF https://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/795/151/pdf
• PREPRINT http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.8156
• DATA http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOverview/nph-DisplayOverview?type=REFERENCE&bibcode=2014ApJ...795..151E
• DATA https://archive.stsci.edu/mastbibref.php?bibcode=2014ApJ...795..151E
• ELECTR https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F795%2F2%2F151